Go from "nine," in which all the beads in the ones place are pushed up and the bead in the top row is pushed down, to "ten," in which a single bead from the bottom row of the tens place is pushed up.
The abacus at this position is correctly read "five." To count "six," push one bead from the bottom row up, so the bead in the top row is down (representing a value of 5) and one bead from the bottom row is up. " Since there are only four beads on the bottom row, to go from "four" to "five," you push the bead on the top row to the "down" position and push all four beads from the bottom row down. "One" would be represented by pushing a single bead from the bottom row in the farthest column on the right to the "up" position, "two" by pushing two, etc.Ĭomplete the "4/5 exchange. To count a digit, push one bead to the "up" position. When doing those calculations, you just have to remember where the decimal place is, mark it on the abacus with a pencil, or you can skip a row and leave it "blank" if that helps you remember. If you want to enter the number 12,345.67, the 7 would be in the first column, the 6 in the second, the 5 in the third, and so on.
Depending on your calculation, you can also assign a decimal place that you'll need to keep track of.So, the farthest column on the right would be the "ones" place (1-9), the second farthest the "tens" place (10-99), the third farthest the hundreds (100-999), and so on. As on a modern calculator, each column of beads represents a "place" value from which you build a numeral. The beads in the top row, however, need to be 5 times the value of each bead in the bottom row for the abacus method to work.Īssign each column a place value. Once you become more familiar with the function of the abacus, you can assign different values to the beads in the bottom row to perform more complex operations.The beads in the top row represent the number value 5 and each bead in the bottom row represents the number value 1. When you start, all of the beads should be up in the top row, and down in the bottom row. Each column in the top row should have one or two beads per row, while each column in the bottom row should have four. A basic abacus consists of two rows of beads arranged in a variable number of columns.
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